Returns

Data Sources:

• S&P 500 Price and Total Returns - Slickcharts
• NASDAQ 100 Price Returns - Nasdaq (NDX), derived from daily closes
• NASDAQ 100 Total Returns - Nasdaq (XNDX), derived from daily closes
• S&P 500 year-to-date figures - Yahoo Finance (^GSPC, ^SP500TR), derived from daily closes

Price return excludes dividends; total return reinvests them. NASDAQ 100 total return starts in 2000: Nasdaq publishes the XNDX series only from 4 March 1999, so no earlier figure exists to quote and those years show “—”. A cumulative total return is shown only when it spans the same years as the cumulative price return beside it. NASDAQ 100 figures come from Nasdaq itself; S&P 500 is not published openly by its owner, so completed years come from Slickcharts and are cross-checked against Yahoo Finance. A year still in progress is shown separately, marked YTD, and left out of the cumulative figures; both of its columns are measured over the same window, ending on the latest date both underlying series have published.